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how to parse php array to json
PHP JSON Parsing
What is JSON
JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation. JSON is a standard lightweight data-interchange format which is quick and easy to parse and generate.
JSON, like XML, is a text-based format that's easy to write and easy to understand for both humans and computers, but unlike XML, JSON data structures occupy less bandwidth than their XML versions. JSON is based on two basic structures:
· Object: This is defined as a collection of key/value pairs (i.e.
key:value). Each object begins with a left curly bracket { and ends with a right curly bracket }. Multiple key/value pairs are separated by a comma ,.· Array: This is defined as an ordered list of values. An array begins with a left bracket
[ and ends with a right bracket ]. Values are separated by a comma ,.In JSON, keys are always strings, while the value can be a
string, number, true or false, null or even an object or an array. Strings must be enclosed in double quotes " and can contain escape characters such as \n, \t and \. A JSON object may look like this:{
"book": {
"name": "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire",
"author": "J. K. Rowling",
"year": 2000,
"genre": "Fantasy Fiction",
"bestseller": true
}
}
Whereas an example of JSON array would look something like this:
{
"fruits": [
"Apple",
"Banana",
"Strawberry",
"Mango"
]
}
Parsing JSON with PHP
JSON data structures are very similar to PHP arrays. PHP has built-in functions to encode and decode JSON data. These functions are
json_encode() and json_decode(), respectively. Both functions only works with UTF-8 encoded string data.Encoding JSON Data in PHP
In PHP the
json_encode() function is used to encode a value to JSON format. The value being encoded can be any PHP data type except a resource, like a database or file handle. The below example demonstrates how to encode a PHP associative array into a JSON object:<?php
// An associative array
$marks = array("Peter"=>65, "Harry"=>80, "John"=>78, "Clark"=>90);
echo json_encode($marks);
?>
The output of the above example will look like this:
{"Peter":65,"Harry":80,"John":78,"Clark":90}
The output of the above example will look like this:
["Red","Green","Blue","Orange","Yellow"]
You can also force
json_encode() function to return an PHP indexed array as JSON object by using the JSON_FORCE_OBJECT option, as shown in the example below:<?php
// An indexed array
$colors = array("Red", "Green", "Blue", "Orange");
echo json_encode($colors, JSON_FORCE_OBJECT);
?>
The output of the above example will look like this:
{"0":"Red","1":"Green","2":"Blue","3":"Orange"}
Decoding JSON Data in PHP
Decoding JSON data is as simple as encoding it. You can use the PHP
json_decode() function to convert the JSON encoded string into appropriate PHP data type. The following example demonstrates how to decode or convert a JSON object to PHP object.<?php
// Store JSON data in a PHP variable
$json = '{"Peter":65,"Harry":80,"John":78,"Clark":90}';
var_dump(json_decode($json));
?>
The output of the above example will look something like this:
object(stdClass)#1 (4) { ["Peter"]=> int(65) ["Harry"]=> int(80) ["John"]=> int(78) ["Clark"]=> int(90) }
By default the
json_decode() function returns an object. However, you can optionally specify a second parameter $assoc which accepts a boolean value that when set as true JSON objects are decoded into associative arrays. It is false by default. Here's an example:<?php
// Store JSON data in a PHP variable
$json = '{"Peter":65,"Harry":80,"John":78,"Clark":90}';
var_dump(json_decode($json, true));
?>
The output of the above example will look something like this:
array(4) { ["Peter"]=> int(65) ["Harry"]=> int(80) ["John"]=> int(78) ["Clark"]=> int(90) }
Now let's check out an example that will show you how to decode the JSON data and access individual elements of the JSON object or array in PHP.
<?php
// Assign JSON encoded string to a PHP variable
$json = '{"Peter":65,"Harry":80,"John":78,"Clark":90}';
// Decode JSON data to PHP associative array
$arr = json_decode($json, true);
// Access values from the associative array
echo $arr["Peter"]; // Output: 65
echo $arr["Harry"]; // Output: 80
echo $arr["John"]; // Output: 78
echo $arr["Clark"]; // Output: 90
// Decode JSON data to PHP object
$obj = json_decode($json);
// Access values from the returned object
echo $obj->Peter; // Output: 65
echo $obj->Harry; // Output: 80
echo $obj->John; // Output: 78
echo $obj->Clark; // Output: 90
?>
You can also loop through the decoded data using
foreach() loop, like this:<?php
// Assign JSON encoded string to a PHP variable
$json = '{"Peter":65,"Harry":80,"John":78,"Clark":90}';
// Decode JSON data to PHP associative array
$arr = json_decode($json, true);
// Loop through the associative array
foreach($arr as $key=>$value){
echo $key . "=>" . $value . "<br>";
}
echo "<hr>";
// Decode JSON data to PHP object
$obj = json_decode($json);
// Loop through the object
foreach($obj as $key=>$value){
echo $key . "=>" . $value . "<br>";
}
?>
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